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Trends in temperature extremes in selected growing cities of Mexico under a non-stationary climate
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García-Cueto, O. Rafael

; López-Velázquez, J. Ernesto

; Bojórquez-Morales, Gonzalo

; Santillán-Soto, Néstor

; Flores-Jiménez, David Enrique

Atmósfera

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2021, Volume 34 Nº 3 Páginas 233 - 254

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Mexico is vulnerable to extreme climatic events; however, their impact is not uniform in all the country. This study presents an analysis of extreme temperatures in 12 Mexican cities, modeled under the assumption of a non-stationary climate. Temporal trends were estimated from an available climatological base of maximum and minimum temperatures with the non-parametric tests of Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope method, and a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution was used to model both temperatures. A likelihood ratio test and Akaike and Bayesian information criteria were used to evaluate the optimal model choice with incorporation of a covariate. Using the best model, return levels and confidence intervals for future scenarios were estimated. A trend towards urban warming was detected from both the non-parametric tests and the GEV distribution, although with heterogeneous behavior. In the series of the maximum temperatures, half of the cities analyzed were non-stationary, and of those, the city of Guadalajara, located in the center-west of the country had a negative trend. The trend for minimum temperatures was more uniform, as 90% of the cities were non-stationary with a positive trend, and only 10%, in an urban area to the east of the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico (Milpa Alta) and a coastal city of the Gulf of Mexico (Veracruz), showed stationary series. It is therefore concluded that return periods of thermal extremes estimated in a changing climate temporarily showed a significant variation, so statistical modeling must consider this behavior due to its importance for risk assessments and adaptation purposes.

RESUMEN México es un país vulnerable a los eventos climáticos extremos; sin embargo, el impacto no es uniforme en todo el territorio, por lo que se analizan y modelan las temperaturas extremas de 12 ciudades de México con la suposición de que existe un clima no estacionario en todas las regiones del país. A partir de la base climatológica disponible de temperaturas máximas y temperaturas mínimas, se estimó una tendencia temporal con las pruebas no paramétricas de Mann-Kendall y el método de pendiente de Sen, y se utilizó la distribución generalizada de valores extremos (GEV) para modelar ambas temperaturas. Para evaluar la fortaleza de los modelos propuestos con la incorporación de una covariable, se utilizaron tanto la prueba de razón de verosimilitud como los criterios de información de Akaike y de Bayes, y se estimaron los niveles de retorno para escenarios temporales futuros. Se detectó una tendencia al calentamiento urbano, tanto con las pruebas no paramétricas como con la distribución GEV, aunque con comportamiento heterogéneo. En la serie de temperatura máxima, la mitad de las ciudades analizadas se mostró no estacionaria; de éstas, la ciudad de Guadalajara, situada en el centro-occidente del país, presentó tendencia negativa. En el caso de las temperaturas mínimas la tendencia fue más uniforme: 90% de las ciudades se mostraron no estacionarias con tendencia positiva y sólo el 10% (una zona urbana al oriente de la zona metropolitana del Valle de México [Milpa Alta] y una ciudad costera del Golfo de México [Veracruz]) mostraron una serie estacionaria. Se concluye que los periodos de retorno de extremos térmicos estimados en un clima cambiante varían temporalmente, por lo que la modelación estadística debe tomar en cuenta ese comportamiento en razón de su importancia para valoraciones de riesgos y propósitos de adaptación.

https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.52784 154 downloads

Microfiltración coronal según materiales de restauración temporal empleados en endodoncia
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Nohelya Junes Prado, Luisa Stephanie

; Caballero Garcia, Stefany

; Barragán Salazar, Carolina

; Gonzales Soto, Néstor

Revista Cubana de Estomatología

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Jun 2020, Volume 57 Nº 2 elocation e1508

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronal microleakage caused by temporary restorative materials is viewed as one of the reasons for endodontic failure. Efforts have been made in recent years to create a temporary restorative material capable of preventing that problem. Objective: Compare in vitro coronal microleakage of an "experimental cement" and four temporary restorative materials used in endodontics. Methods: Class I cavities were made in 90 premolar teeth divided into 10 groups (n= 9) and evaluated at two time periods (1 and 2 weeks). The "experimental cement" was prepared and then coronal sealing of the teeth was performed with the experimental Cement, F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) and Coltosol® F. The pieces were submerged in India ink (Pelikan)for 1 and 2 weeks. Microleakage was evaluated on the interface dentin wall / temporary restoration using a stereo microscope (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ version 2.0.0). Measurement was made in millimeters using the software LAS EZ version 2.0.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were found (p< 0.05) when comparing coronal microleakage in the five temporary restorative materials according to exposure time in ink (1 and 2 weeks). Conclusions: The experimental cement had less microleakage than Coltosol® F and Ketac™ Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE). However, none of the four materials was capable of completely preventing microleakage.

RESUMEN Introducción: La microfiltración coronal causada por los materiales de restauración temporal es considerada una de las causas del fracaso de los tratamientos endodónticos. A raíz de ello, en los últimos años se ha buscado crear un material de restauración temporal que sea capaz de evitar este problema. Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la microfiltración coronal de un cemento experimental y cuatro materiales de restauración temporal usados en endodoncia. Métodos: Se realizaron cavidades clase I en 90 premolares, divididos en 10 grupos (n= 9) y evaluados en dos periodos de tiempo (1 y 2 semanas). Se realizó la elaboración del cemento experimental, posteriormente se llevó a cabo el sellado coronal de las piezas dentales con el cemento experimental, Clip F (VOCO), Eugenato (MOYCO), Ketac™ Molar Easymix 3M (ESPE) y Coltosol® F. Los especímenes fueron sumergidos en tinta china (Pelikan) durante 1 y 2 semanas. Se evaluó la microfiltración en la interfase pared dentinaria-restauración temporal utilizando un esteromicroscopio (Leica Microsystems LAS EZ versión 2.0.0). La medición se realizó en milímetros en el programa LAS EZ versión 2.0.0. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,05) al comparar la microfiltración coronal de los cinco materiales de restauración temporal, según el tiempo de exposición en tinta (1 y 2 semanas). Conclusiones: El cemento experimental presentó menor microfiltración que el Coltosol® F y Ketac™Molar EasyMix 3M (ESPE); sin embargo, ninguno de los cuatro materiales fue capaz de prevenir la microfiltración en su totalidad.

Rol de la cirugía bariátrica/metabólica en el manejo de la diabetes mellitus 2. Consenso SOCHED/SCCBM
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SAPUNAR, JORGE

; ESCALONA, ALEX

; ARAYA, A. VERÓNICA

; AYLWIN, CARMEN GLORIA

; BASTÍAS, MARÍA JULIANA

; BOZA, CAMILO

; CÁRCAMO, CARLOS

; CSENDES A, ATTILA

; DAVIDOF F, PATRICIO

; FUNKE, RICARDO

; GÓMEZ, PATRICIA

; GONZÁLEZ, MARÍA ISABEL

; LAHSEN, RODOLFO

; LANZARINI, ENRIQUE

; MAÍZ, ALBERTO

; MUJICA, VERÓNICA

; MUÑOZ, RODRIGO

; PÉREZ, GUSTAVO

; RAIMANN, FÉLIX

; SALMAN, PATRICIO

; SEPÚLVEDA, MATÍAS

; SOTO, NÉSTOR

; VILLAGRÁN, RODRIGO

Revista médica de Chile

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Dez 2018, Volume 146 Nº 10 Páginas 1175 - 1183

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and obesity are a public health problem in Chile. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment alternative to achieve a significant and sustained weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity. The results of controlled clinical trials indicate that, compared to medical treatment, surgery for obese patients with DM2 allows a better control of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk factors, reduces the need for medications and increases the likelihood for remission. Consensus conferences and clinical practice guidelines support bariatric surgery as an option to treat DM2 in Class III Obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 40) regardless of the glycemic control and the complexity of pharmacological treatment and in Class II Obesity (BMI 35-39,9) with inadequate glycemic control despite optimal pharmacological treatment and lifestyle. However, surgical indication for patients with DM2 and BMI between 30-34.9, the most prevalent sub-group, is only suggested. The Chilean Societies of Endocrinology and Diabetes and of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery decided to generate a consensus regarding the importance of other factors related to DM2 that would allow a better selection of candidates for surgery, particularly when weight does not constitute an indication. Considering the national reality, we also need a statement regarding the selection and characteristics of the surgical procedure as well as the role of the diabetologist in the multidisciplinary team.

3922 downloads

Expression of miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-326 in T1D patients from Chile: relationship with autoimmunity and inflammatory markers
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García-Díaz, Diego F.

; Pizarro, Carolina

; Camacho-Guillén, Patricia

; Codner, Ethel

; Soto, Néstor

; Pérez-Bravo, Francisco

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Fev 2018, Volume 62 Nº 1 Páginas 34 - 40

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this research was to analyze the expression profile of miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-326 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 47 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and 39 control subjects, as well as the possible association with autoimmune or inflammatory markers. Subjects and methods Expression profile of miRs by means of qPCR using TaqMan probes. Autoantibodies and inflammatory markers by ELISA. Statistical analysis using bivariate correlation. Results The analysis of the results shows an increase in the expression of miR-155 in T1D patients in basal conditions compared to the controls (p < 0.001) and a decreased expression level of miR-326 (p < 0.01) and miR-146a (p < 0.05) compared T1D patients to the controls. miR-155 was the only miRs associated with autoinmmunity (ZnT8) and inflammatory status (vCAM). Conclusion Our data show a possible role of miR-155 related to autoimmunity and inflammation in Chilean patients with T1D.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000006 2768 downloads

De la bomba de insulina y el monitoreo continuo de glucosa al páncreas artificial
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Apablaza, Pamela

; Soto, Néstor

; Codner, Ethel

Revista médica de Chile

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Mai 2017, Volume 145 Nº 5 Páginas 630 - 640

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Technology for diabetes care has undergone major development during recent decades. These technological advances include continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), also known as insulin pumps, and real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS). The integration of CSII and RT-CGMS into a single device has led to sensor-augmented pump therapy and more recently, a technology that has automated delivery of basal insulin therapy, known as hybrid system. These new technologies have led to benefits in attaining better metabolic control and decreasing the incidence of severe hypoglycemia, especially in patients with type 1 diabetes. This review describes the types of technologies currently available or under investigation for these purposes, their benefits and disadvantages, recommendations and the appropriate patient selection for their use. The clinical use of the hybrid system and artificial pancreas seem to be possible in the near future.

12430 downloads

EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL AL EXTENDER LA VIDA ÚTIL DEL TELÉFONO MÓVIL
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Cruz Sotelo, Samantha Eugenia

; Bovea Edo, María Dolores

; Ojeda Benitez, Sara

; Santillán Soto, Néstor

; García Cueto, Onofre Rafael

Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental

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2017, Volume 33 Nº 4 Páginas 701 - 712

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The mobile phone market has experienced continuous growth over the last decade. Increasingly, mobile phones are replaced by new models with more modern designs or expansion of functions. This lifestyle is causing increasing amount of electronic waste that do not always receive treatment. This article presents the results of the application of the methodology for life-cycle assessment (LCA) to calculate quantitatively the environmental benefit due to the extension of lifespan mobile phones during different periods of time. Taking as a functional unit the life cycle of an average mobile phone during 30 months and considering the stages of raw materials/production, distribution, use and end of life, three scenarios were modeled. The SimaPro (2013) software was used, the Ecoinvent database has been applied to configure the life cycle inventory, and the emissions were allocated into six categories according to the impact CML2000 method. It was observed that to extend the mobile phone useful life and to provide treatment when it becomes a waste, represents an environmental gain not only because the provision and consumption of a new one is avoided, but because limited resources and energy required for extraction are saved through recovery of materials. However, before recycling it is important to consider reuse (extending lifespan) because a substantial amount of the mobile phones are discarded for fashion or cosmetic reasons while they are still functional.

RESUMEN El mercado de telefonía móvil ha experimentado un continuo crecimiento en la última década. Cada vez más, los teléfonos móviles son reemplazados por nuevos modelos con diseños más modernos y ampliación de funciones. Este estilo de vida está provocando incremento en la cantidad de residuos de aparatos electrónicos que no siempre reciben tratamiento. Por lo que, en este artículo, se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología de análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) para calcular cuantitativamente el beneficio ambiental debido a la extensión de vida útil del teléfono móvil durante diferentes períodos. Tomando como unidad funcional el ciclo de vida promedio de 30 meses, se modelaron tres escenarios considerando cuatro etapas: adquisición de materias primas/producción, distribución, uso y fin de vida útil. Se utilizó el paquete SimaPro (2013), la base de datos Ecoinvent para configurar el inventario y las emisiones consideradas se asignaron en seis categorías de impacto según el método CML2000 del Centro para Estudios Medioambientales (CML). Se observó que al prolongar la vida útil del teléfono móvil y dar tratamiento cuando se convierte en residuo representa una ganancia ambiental no sólo porque se evita su disposición y consumo de uno nuevo, sino porque se ahorran recursos limitados y la energía necesaria para su extracción a través de la recuperación de materiales. Sin embargo, antes de reciclar es importante considerar su reutilización (extensión de su vida útil) ya que una cantidad sustancial de los móviles son dispuestos por razones de moda o estética mientras aún son funcionales.

https://doi.org/10.20937/rica.2017.33.04.13 4355 downloads

¿Qué se esconde tras La Haya?: análisis de los discursos presidenciales y cobertura mediática en los conflictos Chile-Perú / Chile-Bolivia
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Quiroga Marambio, María Francisca

; Guerrero Soto, Néstor

Si Somos Americanos

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Jun 2016, Volume 16 Nº 1 Páginas 147 - 180

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Public debate and academic analysis on the sentence of the International Court of Justice regarding the maritime dispute between Chile and Peru, and in the face of a new case with Bolivia, they are based on the assumption of considering the nation state as an absolute explanatory category. The logical derivation is that the "national interest" is expressed and identifies absolutely in the nation state. Nationalism is the hidden symbolic form whose effects frame the practices and discourses of actors, and are sustained theoretically (with ideological interests) in the classics constitutive elements (and limited) of the state: population, territory, sovereignty, reaffirming the national imagined community. Nevertheless it avoids the logic of global capitalism and it conceals the polysemy of terms such as sovereignty. This article analyzes presidential discourses, reflecting on the ideas and public discourses of the conflicts between Chile-Peru and Chile-Bolivia.

Los debates públicos y análisis académicos sobre el fallo de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el diferendo marítimo Chile-Perú, en el escenario de una nueva demanda de Bolivia, se han basado en el supuesto de pensar al Estado-nacional como categoría explicativa absoluta. La derivación lógica es que el "interés nacional" se expresaría e identificaría plenamente en el Estado-nacional. El nacionalismo es la forma simbólica ocultada, cuyos efectos enmarcan las prácticas y discursos de los actores, y se sostiene teóricamente (con intereses ideológicos) en los elementos constitutivos clásicos (y limitados) del Estado: población, territorio y soberanía, reafirmando la comunidad imaginada nacional. Pero se soslaya la lógica del capitalismo global y se invisibiliza la polisemia de términos como soberanía. Analizando discursos presidenciales, el artículo reflexiona acerca de ideas y discursos públicos mediatizados presentes en los conflictos Chile-Perú / Chile-Bolivia.

4373 downloads

Síndrome de hipoglicemia autoinmune: Primeros casos en Chile
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Lanas, Alejandra

; Paredes, Ana

; Espinosa, Consuelo

; Caamaño, Egardo

; Pérez-Bravo, Francisco

; Pinto, Rodrigo

; Iñiguez, Germán

; Martínez, Darío

; Soto, Néstor

Revista médica de Chile

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Jul 2015, Volume 143 Nº 7 Páginas 938 - 942

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemia with extremely high insulin levels and the presence of circulating autoantibodies against insulin, in patients who have never been exposed to exogenous insulin. We report two patients with the syndrome. A 36 years old male presenting with hypoglycemia in the emergency room had an oral glucose tolerance test showed basal and 120 min glucose levels of 88 and 185 mg/dl. The basal and 120 min insulin levels were 2,759 and 5,942 μUI/ml. The presence of an insulin secreting tumor was discarded. Anti-insulin antibodies were positive. He was successfully treated with a diet restricted in carbohydrates and frequent meals in small quantities. A 65 years old female presenting with hypoglycemia in the emergency room had the fasting insulin levels of 1,910 µUI/ml. No insulin secreting tumor was detected by images and anti-insulin antibodies were positive. The polyethylene glycol precipitation test showed a basal and after exposition insulin level 1,483 and 114 µUI/ml, respectively. She responded partially to diet and acarbose and required the use of prednisone with a good clinical response.

7617 downloads

II Consenso de la Sociedad Chilena de Endocrinología y Diabetes sobre resistencia a la insulina
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Pollak, Felipe

; Araya, Verónica

; Lanas, Alejandra

; Sapunar, Jorge

; Arrese, Marco

; Aylwin, Carmen Gloria

; Bezanilla, Carmen Gloria

; Carrasco, Elena

; Carrasco, Fernando

; Codner, Ethel

; Díaz, Erik

; Durruty, Pilar

; Galgani, José

; García, Hernán

; Lahsen, Rodolfo

; Liberman, Claudio

; López, Gloria

; Maíz, Alberto

; Mujica, Verónica

; Poniachik, Jaime

; Sir, Teresa

; Soto, Néstor

; Valderas, Juan

; Villaseca, Paulina

; Zavala, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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Mai 2015, Volume 143 Nº 5 Páginas 627 - 636

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Insulin resistance is a prevalent condition commonly associated with unhealthy lifestyles. It affects several metabolic pathways, increasing risk of abnormalities at different organ levels. Thus, diverse medical specialties should be involved in its diagnosis and treatment. With the purpose of unifying criteria about this condition, a scientific-based consensus was elaborated. A questionnaire including the most important topics such as cardio-metabolic risk, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome, was designed and sent to national experts. When no agreement among them was achieved, the Delphi methodology was applied. The main conclusions reached are that clinical findings are critical for the diagnosis of insulin resistance, not being necessary blood testing. Acquisition of a healthy lifestyle is the most important therapeutic tool. Insulin-sensitizing drugs should be prescribed to individuals at high risk of disease according to clinically validated outcomes. There are specific recommendations for pregnant women, children, adolescents and older people.

40781 downloads

10.

Parameterization of net radiation in an arid city of northwestern Mexico
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García Cueto, Rafael

; Santillán Soto, Néstor

; Haro Rincón, Zalia

; Ojeda Benítez, Sara

; Bojórquez Morales, Gonzalo

Atmósfera

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2015, Volume 28 Nº 2 Páginas 71 - 82

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

During the process of urbanization, different surface properties significantly alter the radiation balance. This paper attempts to quantify this balance over different surface types in an arid city of northwest Mexico over several days in August 20l1. The albedo of each surface type, as well as local atmospheric properties such as the atmospheric clearness index (K0) and atmospheric emissivity (εatm), were estimated. The surfaces on which measurements were performed were asphalt, concrete, polystyrene painted with white elastomeric paint (PWEP), clay, and grass. It was found that, for a 24-h cycle of measurement, the highest average value of net radiation was for asphalt (146.1 Wm-2), and the lowest average value was for PWEP (33.6 Wm-2). Estimates of albedo values vary depending on the surface, whereas K0 and εatm are dependent on prevailing atmospheric conditions. From these measurements, preliminary statistical models of net radiation as a function of incoming solar radiation and net shortwave radiation were proposed. For each model, the coefficients of determination were higher than 0.97. We discuss the likely implications of the results found for the urban planning of the city.

La urbanización, al cambiar las propiedades de la superficie, modifica de manera sensible el balance de radiación y con ello el clima citadino, por lo que se propuso cuantificar ese balance en diferentes coberturas superficiales para varios días del mes de agosto de 2011 en una ciudad árida del noroeste de México. Se estimó el albedo de cada superficie y algunas otras propiedades de la atmósfera local, como el índice de claridad atmosférica (K0) y la emisividad atmosférica (εatm). Las superficies en las que se realizaron las mediciones fueron asfalto, concreto, poliestireno con pintura elastomérica blanca (PPEB), arcilla y césped. Se encontró que para un ciclo de 24 h de medición, el mayor valor promedio de radiación neta fue para el asfalto (146.1 Wm-2), y el menor valor promedio para el PPEB (33.6 Wm-2). Los valores estimados de albedo varían de acuerdo con la superficie, mientras que los de K0 y εatm dependen de las condiciones atmosféricas prevalentes. A partir de las mediciones se propusieron modelos estadísticos preliminares de la radiación neta en función de la radiación solar entrante y la radiación neta de onda corta, encontrándose en todos los casos coeficientes de determinación superiores a 0.97. Se analizan las probables implicaciones de los resultados encontrados en el medio urbanizado.

1084 downloads

11.

Efecto de metformina sobre la expresión del factor de necrosis tumoral-α, los receptores Toll-like 2/4 y la PCR ultra sensible en sujetos obesos con diabetes tipo 2
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Andrews, Mónica

; Soto, Néstor

; Arredondo, Miguel

Revista médica de Chile

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Nov 2012, Volume 140 Nº 11 Páginas 1377 - 1382

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The pharmacological action of metformin goes beyond mere glycemic control, decreasing markers of inflammation and contributing to the reduction of oxidative stress. Aim: To evaluate biochemical, anthropometric and pro-inflammatory markers in obese type 2 diabetic patients treated or not with metformin. Patients and Methods: Obese patients with type 2 diabetes were invited to participate in the study if they were aged more than 40 years, were not receiving insulin, did not have cardiovascular diseases and were not taking anti-inflammatory drugs. A pharmacological history was taken and patients were stratified in two groups whether they were using metformin or not. A fasting blood sample was obtained to measure blood glucose, insulin, lipid levels, C reactive protein (hsCRP) and to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RNA was isolated from these cells to measure expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Toll-Like Receptor 2/4 (TLR 2/4) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). Results: Thirty participants were studied. Of these, 16 subjects aged 54.4 ± 5.5years were treated with metformin and 14 subjects aged 54.9 ± 6.4 years did not receive the drug. Participants receiving metformin had lower levels of hsCRP and lower mRNA relative abundance of TNF-α and TLR 2/4. There were no differences in glucose levels or lipid profile between both groups. Conclusions: Obese diabetic patients treated with metformin had lower levels of hsCRP expression of TNF-α and TLR 2/4, than their counterparts not receiving the drug.

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12.

Control glicémico de pacientes diabéticos hospitalizados en un Servicio de Medicina Interna
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Solís, Iván

; Hurtado, Natalia

; Demangel, Dominique

; Cortés, Claudia

; Soto, Néstor

Revista médica de Chile

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Jan 2012, Volume 140 Nº 1 Páginas 66 - 72

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: During hospitalization, hyper and hypoglycemia impairs the prognosis of diabetic patients. Strict glycemic control improves survival in intensive care units. There is no evidence to support it for patients in non-critical wards. Aim: To evaluate the glycemic control of diabetic patients in a non-critical medical unit, and estimate its effect on hospitalization and survival. Material and Methods: Prospective study of all patients admitted to a non-critical ward with a fasting blood glucose (BG) > 126 mg/dl or > 200 mg /dl at any time, and patients with known diabetes. Age, sex, type of diabetes, time since diagnosis, chronic complications, prior treatment, length of stay, admission and discharge diagnosis were registered. All capillary BG levels obtained from each patient until discharge, death or transfer, were registered. Results: Ninety nine patients aged 63 ± 13.4 years (42 males,) were included. Ninety one percent had a type 2 diabetes with a mean duration of 13.8 years. Mean hospital stay was 10.9 days. At least one hypoglycemia below 70 mg/dl occurred in 21% of patients and 39.4% had at least one episode with blood glucose over 300 mg/dl. Median hospital stay of patients with no episode of BG > 200 mg/dl was 6 days, 10.5 days among patients with at least one episode of BG > 300 mg/dl and 13 days among patients that had at least one episode of hypoglycemia (p = 0.02). Diabetes lasted nine years more among the latter (p < 0.01). Three patients that suffered hypoglycemia and two in the rest of the groups, died (NS). Conclusions: Two of three diabetic patients admitted to our non-critical medical ward have a non-optimal glycemic control. Appearance of hypoglycemia is associated with a longer hospital stay.

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13.

Balance radiactivo y sus consecuencias en el comportamiento térmico en tiraderos municipales: estudio de caso en la ciudad de Mexicali, B. C., México
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GARCÍA CUETO, Rafael

; SANTILLÁN SOTO, Néstor

; OJEDA-BENÍTEZ, Sara

Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental

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2012, Volume 28 Supl. 1 Páginas 109 - 117

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The climate of any place on the Earth can be affected by anthropogenic influence when changing the use of native soil, for example, when establishing dumps on the cities surroundings. The thermal response of this change is result of the composition of heterogeneous soil, which integrates to the processes of lower atmosphere by interacting with the environment. As a result, it promotes the generation of microclimates, not always desirable, within of a region. This research presents an analysis of surface radiative components and soil temperatures, above of coverage of municipal solid waste on the outskirts of Mexicali City, Mexico. Measurements are performed with instrumentation that is usually used for energy balance in the lower atmosphere, complemented with soil temperature measurements made with a thermal infrared camera along predetermined transects. Surveys were realized during the morning schedule to get the behavior without solar gain, and when it has the maximum solar gain, i.e., in the early hours of noon. Net radiation, albedo and soil temperature are compared and discussed with data obtained from surrounding soil undisturbed by the dump. The results obtained show important differences, which can be attributed to local changes in land use, the biophysical properties of materials, and the calorific power of waste deposited in the dump. A discussion of the potential damages to the bioclimatic conditions of the surrounding communities is addressed.

El clima de cualquier región es afectado por influencia antrópica cuando se cambia el uso de suelo nativo, como por ejemplo, cuando se establecen tiraderos de basura en las periferias de las ciudades. La respuesta térmica de esta modificación es el resultado de la composición de suelo heterogéneo del sitio que se integra a los procesos de la atmósfera baja al interactuar con el ambiente. Como resultado se promueven la generación de microclimas, no siempre deseables, dentro de la región. En esta investigación se presenta un análisis de las componentes radiativas superficiales y temperaturas del suelo sobre una cobertura de residuos sólidos municipales situado en las afueras de la ciudad de Mexicali, B.C., México. Se realizan mediciones con instrumentación que usualmente se utilizan para evaluar balance energético en la atmósfera baja, complementada con mediciones de temperatura de suelo realizadas con una cámara de imágenes en infrarrojo siguiendo transectos determinados previamente. Las campañas de medición se llevaron a cabo durante un horario matutino con el fin de obtener el comportamiento sin ganancia solar y en las primeras horas del mediodía cuando se tiene la máxima ganancia solar. La radiación neta, el albedo y la temperatura del suelo en el basurero se comparan con los obtenidos del suelo circundante sin perturbación por el basurero encontrándose diferencias importantes, las cuales pueden ser atribuidas al cambio local en el uso del suelo, las propiedades biofísicas de los materiales y el poder calorífico de los residuos depositados en el vertedero. Se discuten las afectaciones potenciales del bioclima en las comunidades circundantes.

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14.

VIPoma pancreático: Caso clínico
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URDANGARIN, ANGÉLICA

; IÑIGUEZ, GERMÁN

; BENAVIDES, CARLOS

; CASTILLO, CECILIA

; CASTRO, ALEX

; CASTILLO, IVÁN

; CORREDOIRA, YAMILE

; SOTO, NÉSTOR

Revista médica de Chile

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Jul 2010, Volume 138 Nº 7 Páginas 841 - 846

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Neuroendocrine tumors are uncommon, including VIPoma that produces vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. We report a 45-year-old female presenting with a history of diarrhea lasting three months. An abdominal CAT scan showed a solid tumor in the body of the pancreas. A fine needle aspiration biopsy of the tumor was compatible with a neuroendocrine tumor. The patient was subjected to a partial pancreatectomy, excising a 4 cm diameter tumor. The pathological study was compatible with a neuroendocrine carcinoma. There was no regional lymph node involvement. During the postoperative period the results of serum vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were received. These were 815.9 pg/ml before surgery and normalized after the operation.

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